Secure bidding method and system

ABSTRACT

Secure image bidding system process for financial transactions, including structured investment products, escrows and interest rate swaps. Some embodiments provide a secure image bidding system and process for image-based bid transmissions where each of a plurality of bids received by the system is encrypted and held in a digital “Vault” until the specified end of the bid period, at which time a package containing the encrypted bids, a log of server activity, and a digital checksum of the original bid file is sent via electronic mail to the bid broker and other participants. A second electronic mail message is sent to the bid broker and other participants containing the decryption key. During the bid process, no party has access to the bid information and there is no human interaction in the receipt, conversion to image, encryption, storage or conveyance of compiled information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/108,936 filed May 16, 2011, titled “SECURE BIDDING SYSTEM AND METHOD”(which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,041,631 on Oct. 18, 2011), which is adivisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/051,725 filed Mar. 19,2008, titled “SECURE IMAGE BIDDING SYSTEM” (which issued as U.S. Pat.No. 7,945,504 on May 17, 2011), which claimed benefit under 35 U.S.C.§119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/895,739 filed Mar.19, 2007 and titled “SECURE IMAGE BIDDING SYSTEM,” each of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention lies in the field of financial systems and processes thatare assistive mainly to the municipal finance industry, but to otherindustries as well. More particularly, it relates to a process thatpermits a broker for structured investment products, escrow purchasesand interest-rate-swap and other competitive quotations to acceptimage-based bids, including facsimile and electronic mail bids, whichare cryptographically secured upon receipt, such that during a definedbid period, no parties have access to the actual bid information untilthe close of the bid period when a decryption key is generated by thesystem.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Under present Federal tax law, the reinvestment of bond proceedsgenerated through the sale of municipal bonds by the bond issuer(typically a governmental entity such as a state, city, county or schooldistrict) is subject to significant restriction. With some exceptions,an issuer's investment earnings on idle bond proceeds are limited to thearbitrage yield on the bonds (as defined by the Internal Revenue Code).Additional interest earned above the arbitrage yield generally must berebated to the U.S. Government. By law the placement of investments ofbond proceeds must be done in a competitive fashion, ensuring thehighest yield possible given the bidding restrictions. Generally, atleast three bona fide bids must be offered before one may be acceptedunder Internal Revenue Service “safe harbor” guidelines.

The typical current practice is for a third-party bid broker to developand distribute bid specifications and a bid form to potential bidders.At or before an appointed time, bidders may submit bids to the broker byvoice, facsimile, or electronic mail. During the bidding process, thebroker is aware of the values of the bids submitted.

The practice of brokering these types of investments is not at presentregulated. As a result, in recent times the IRS has found or has allegedthat participants in the bidding process—both brokers and the bidders(providers of the investment products, typically investment banks andinsurance companies)—have rigged and colluded on bids, resulting inlower investment earnings on the investments and, as a result, lowerrebate payments to the U.S. Government. The IRS estimates the costs ofthis bid-rigging and collusion to exceed $100 million to date.

Generally, this illicit rigging and collusion involves brokers and/orproviders agreeing to: (1) provide non-competitive bids in order to meetthe three-bid minimum; (2) make or participate in side payments of feesor other considerations in order to ensure a particular bid is thewinner; (3) provide a “last-look” to a bidder, giving one participantinformation on the results of the bidding process and leading to anunfair advantage.

Most of these non-competitive processes result from the broker's abilityto influence the outcome of the bidding process during the bid itself.By creating a secure process for the receipt of bids, restricting thebroker's knowledge of specific bid information during the bid process,creating an electronic log of all bidding activity, and providing allbids received simultaneously and transparently to transactionparticipants (broker, issuer, bond counsel, tax counsel) at theexpiration of the bid process, the broker's ability to influence theoutcome is nearly eliminated. A level playing field is created for allbidders and the highest possible investment yield is assured to thebenefit of the issuer and the U.S. Government.

This process uses the same technologies currently employed by thebidders—specifically, facsimile, and to some extent, electronic mail—inthe existing process, so it does not create an additional burden tobidder participation.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In some embodiments, the invention provides a secure-image biddingsystem process for structured investment products, escrow purchases, andinterest rate swaps. The problem of bid-rigging or broker interferenceis eliminated through the use of the technologies and processesdescribed below.

In some embodiments, the invention relies upon open-source andcommercial software, coupled with custom-developed interfaces, scriptingand computer code to provide a computer-based application for thereceipt in electronic form of secure, electronic images via facsimile,electronic mail and other mechanisms for structured investment products,escrow purchases and interest rate swaps, among others.

In some embodiments, the process includes the following steps (pleasenote that although very specific details are listed here forcompleteness, the process and apparatus of the present invention can bepracticed in a more general manner by changing or omitting some of thesedetails):

-   -   1) Prior to an established bidding period, the broker will        deliver to potential bidders specifications and a bid sheet via        unsecured email, facsimile, US mail or other means.    -   2) Using graphical user interface, secured through user name and        password login, the broker will establish the bid parameters on        the host server computer. Parameters include date and time of        the bid, length of the bidding process, the phone number        assigned to the bid process for facsimile transmissions, the        number of phone lines available to the bid, the electronic mail        address assigned to the bid process, and a distribution list of        transaction participants (which do not include bidders) who will        be allowed to review the bids and related information at the end        of the bidding period.    -   3) Approximately ten minutes prior to the opening of a bid        period, using a secure graphical-user interface (a GUI, wherein,        e.g., in some embodiments, HTML is used to implement the GUI)        with the bid server, the broker may commence a test of the        system which will generate a test facsimile and a test email to        be processed through the steps below to ensure appropriate        function of the process. Following the commencement of this        test, the broker will be locked out of the system for the        remainder of the bid process.    -   4) Shortly before the opening of bid period, the broker and bid        administrator will be locked out of the server automatically.    -   5) Shortly before the opening of the bid period, the server will        automatically start the facsimile reception and electronic mail        reception software.    -   6) Immediately prior to the opening of the bid period, a        companion key server will automatically generate a private        encryption key for the bid period using 64-bit or higher public        key infrastructure (PKI) technology.    -   7) During the bid period, bidders may send their bid on the        official bid form via facsimile (to a facsimile server),        electronic mail or other means to the server according to the        bid specifications.        -   a. Facsimile bids received will be converted automatically            to a compressed-image-format file (such as Tagged Image File            (TIF) format, in some embodiments)        -   b. Email bids received will have their attachments stripped            and converted to a compressed-image-format file with the            remaining email securely stored (to ensure that any            information included in the message body of the email is not            seen by the broker).        -   c. The receipt of each bid by facsimile, electronic mail or            other means, along with #8 through #11 below, are performed            by the generation of a separate computing process for each            bid. There is no queuing of bids waiting to be processed,            further enhancing the security of the system.    -   8) Bidders will receive a confirmation of receipt of their bid        via electronic mail transmission. Email bids will be confirmed        to the sender's email address. Facsimile bids will be confirmed        to the email address as provided to the broker by the bidder        prior to the commencement of the bid process associated with the        caller identification information transmitted with the facsimile        bid.    -   9) A digital checksum will be calculated for each        compressed-image-format file to provide assurance that the        original file has not been altered by any party following        receipt into the system.    -   10) Each compressed-image-format file (e.g., in some        embodiments, a TIF file) will be encrypted using PKI technology.        The unencrypted compressed-image-format files will be        immediately destroyed following encryption by the server.    -   11) Each encrypted compressed-image-format file will be        delivered to an electronic “Vault”—a directory on the server        that holds all encrypted bids until termination of the bid        process. The Vault will also include checksum information and        server logs, as described below.    -   12) At the end of the bid process, the server will automatically        stop receipt of any new facsimile or electronic mail        transmissions. Transmissions in progress at the expiration of        the bid period will be allowed to complete.    -   13) Shortly after the end of the bid process, the server will        compile all information in the vault into a compressed file and        will transmit that compressed file to the transaction        participants (non-bidders) on the broker's distribution list via        electronic mail.    -   14) Shortly after #13, the server will generate a public key to        de-encrypt the information in the compressed file, and such key        will be sent via email to the distribution list. Without this        key, none of the bid information in the compressed file will be        able to be read or reviewed.    -   15) Following the broker's decision to award the bid, the broker        may use a web-based form to provide a bid summary report which        may be delivered by email or facsimile to both bidders and the        distribution list.    -   16) All steps in this process will be logged and archived,        ensuring an audit trail and complete record of bid activity        throughout the process.    -   17) Following the closure of bid process, all information in the        vault, all bid process server logs and the broker's bid summary        report will be archived to the server or offsite storage        permanently for compliance purposes.    -   18) The broker or administrator can use a web-based        administrative interface to write archives to CD-ROMs or other        media for permanent storage.

While some illustrative embodiments of the invention have been describedabove, it is, of course, understood that various modifications will beapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such modifications arewithin the spirit and scope of the invention, which is limited anddefined only by the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block-diagram overview of a process 100, identifying the keyfeatures of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a block-diagram overview of a bid-setup process 200,identifying the steps a broker will take to ready the system to receivebids at a future time.

FIG. 3 is a block-diagram of a process 300 having the automatic stepsperformed by the server in the moments prior to the opening of a bidprocess.

FIG. 4 is a block-diagram of a process 400 that illustrates themechanics of the system's use of Public Key Infrastructure to encryptand decrypt bids and related items.

FIG. 5 is a block-diagram of a process 500 that identifies the stepsthat the system undergoes during the test phase prior to thecommencement of a bid process. The test phase provides the broker withpositive feedback that the system is working properly ahead of theactual bid.

FIG. 6 is a block-diagram of a process 600 that elaborates on the bidreceipt process, showing how images of the bids are received or created,encrypted, and sent to the Vault

FIG. 7 is a block-diagram of a process 700 that identifies how bidderswill be advised that their bids were received by the system.

FIG. 8 is a block-diagram of a process 800 that defines the stepsautomatically taken by the system at the end of the bidding (EOB)process, including the generation of a key for decryption of the itemsstored in the Vault.

FIG. 9 is a block-diagram of a process 900 that describes the processwhereby the broker may summarize the results of the bidding anddistribute those results to the bidders and other interested transactionparticipants.

FIG. 10 is a block-diagram of a process 1000 that shows theadministrative processes that can be taken to add or remove brokers,change passwords, and manage archived information.

FIG. 11 is a block-diagram of a process 1100 that further elaborates onthe archive management process, including the ability to write archivesto CD-ROM.

FIG. 12 is a block-diagram of a process 1200 that describes the serverlogging management system, which is integral to the transparency of thesystem.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Although the following detailed description contains many specifics forthe purpose of illustration, a person of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate that many variations and alterations to the following detailsare within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the followingpreferred embodiments of the invention are set forth without any loss ofgenerality to, and without imposing limitations upon the claimedinvention.

In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments,reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof,and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments inwhich the invention may be practiced. It is understood that otherembodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention.

The leading digit(s) of reference numbers appearing in the Figuresgenerally corresponds to the Figure number in which that component isfirst introduced, such that the same reference number is used throughoutto refer to an identical component which appears in multiple Figures.Signals and connections may be referred to by the same reference numberor label, and the actual meaning will be clear from its use in thecontext of the description.

FIG. 1 is a block-diagram overview of a process 100, identifying the keyfeatures of the invention. Process 100 includes a summary of someembodiments of the invention, whereby bids, established by a broker(Processes 101, 102) are received as and/or converted to electronicimage files (Processes 103, 104, 105), encrypted and then held securelyuntil the expiration of the bid period (Processes 106,107). Someembodiments provide a secure image bidding system and/or process forimage-based bid transmissions where each of a plurality of bids receivedby the system is encrypted and held in a digital “vault” until thespecified end of the bid period, at which time a package containing theencrypted bids, a log of server activity, and a digital checksum of theoriginal bid file is sent via electronic mail to the bid broker andother participants (Processes 108, 110, 111, 112). A second electronicmail message is sent to the bid broker and other participants containingthe decryption key (Process 109). The vault is then archived permanentlyon the server and on removable media (Process 113). During the bidprocess, no party has access to the bid information and there is nohuman interaction in the receipt, conversion to image, encryption,storage or conveyance of compiled information.

FIG. 2 is a block-diagram overview of a bid-setup process 200,identifying the steps a broker will take to ready the system to receivebids at a future time. Process 200 includes a graphical user interface(Process 201) allowing a broker to establish a bidding period (Process202), to identify a distribution list of individuals who will receivethe bid images and decryption keys upon completion of the process, toidentify a number or pool of numbers to which bidders may send theirbids via facsimile, to generate an electronic mail address unique to thebidding process to which bidders may send their bids via electronic mail(all in Process 203), to maintain a database of bidder facsimile numbersand associated electronic mail addresses to allow the system to generateconfirmation of receipt of the facsimile bid, and to update or modifybid parameters, including the time and date of the bid (all in Processes205, 206). At the conclusion of this step, the system automaticallygenerates a pair of cryptographic keys (Process 204), unique to the bidprocess, to be used subsequently to encrypt and eventually decryptbid-related files.

FIG. 3 is a block-diagram of a process 300 having the automatic stepsperformed by the server in the moments prior to the opening of a bidprocess. Process 300 includes the generation of a second pair ofcryptographic keys to be stored on a key server (Process 306) used inthe encryption and eventual decryption of image files (Process 301). Theprocess documents the opening of a test phase (Process 302), which ismore fully described in FIG. 5, and illustrates the automatic removal ofbroker (Process 303) and administrator access (Process 304) to thesystem as the bid period nears. The process concludes with thecommencement of services on the server integral to the reception of bidtransmittals, include facsimile and electronic mail services (Process305).

FIG. 4 is a block-diagram of a process 400 that illustrates themechanics of the system's use of Public Key Infrastructure to encryptand decrypt bids and related items. Process 400 includes the generationof two pairs of keys: one pair created at the conclusion of the bidset-up process illustrated in FIG. 3 (Process 402); the second paircreated shortly before the bid period opens (Process 403). The figureillustrates how each pair of keys is used to both encrypt and decryptfiles (Processes 401 and 404). Part of the security of the system isthat both pairs of keys are required for the encryption/decryptionprocess to function properly. Without both sets of keys, secure imagescannot be decrypted (Process 405).

FIG. 5 is a block-diagram of a process 500 that identifies the stepsthat the system undergoes during the test phase prior to thecommencement of a bid process. The test phase provides the broker withpositive feedback that the system is working properly ahead of theactual bid. Process 500 includes the same steps as the bid set-up phaseshown in FIG. 3. The test process (Processes 501, 502, 503, 504)delivers both a test facsimile and a test electronic mail through thesystem and reports to the broker that all services are functioningappropriately (Processes 506 and 507). The process concludes with thesystem automatically readying itself to receive bid transmissions(Process 505).

FIG. 6 is a block-diagram of a process 600 that elaborates on the bidreceipt process, showing how images of the bids are received or created,encrypted, and sent to the Vault. Process 600 begins with the receipt ofa bid, via facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic means, eachspawning a separate computing process to avoid queuing (Process 601).For a facsimile transmission, the bid is received (Process 602), achecksum is calculated to ensure file integrity (Process 604), thefacsimile is converted to a Tagged Image File (TIF) format (or othercompressed-image-format file, such as .pdf, .jpeg, .gif, or othersuitable format) (Process 603), and the TIF is encrypted (Process 605).The original, unencrypted TIF image is instantaneously destroyed(Process 611). The encrypted TIF is then delivered to the vault (Process606).

For electronic mail messages (Process 607), attachments, including thebid image, are stripped (Process 608) and converted to TIF images (orother compressed-image-format files) (Process 609). The TIF images areencrypted (Process 605), a checksum is calculated (Process 604), and theencrypted image is delivered to the vault (Process 606). The originalemail is also encrypted and sent to the Vault (Process 610).

FIG. 7 is a block-diagram of a process 700 that identifies how bidderswill be advised that their bids were received by the system. Process 700includes the automatic routing of confirmations of bids via the in-boundelectronic mail address (Process 707, 708, 709, 710) or using a databaselookup for facsimile transmissions (Processes 701, 702, 703), wherebythe inbound call identifier is associated with an electronic mailaddress (Process 704). The system automatically generates confirmationsto assure the bidders that their bids were received (Processes 704,705). The confirmation emails are destroyed instantaneously upon theirtransmission to the bidders (Process 706).

FIG. 8 is a block-diagram of a process 800 that defines the stepsautomatically taken by the system at the end of the bidding (EOB)process, including the generation of a key for decryption of the itemsstored in the Vault. Process 800 includes the automatic shutdown ofcomputer services necessary to receive inbound transmissions of bids. Atthe conclusion of the bidding period, inbound emails will be refused(Processes 807, 808) and inbound facsimile transmissions not in progressat the time of bid expiration will also be refused (Processes 801, 802).Facsimile transmissions in progress at the time of bid expiration willbe allowed to conclude. Once the all transmissions have stopped and beenprocessed as described in FIG. 6, the system will automatically bundleall documents in the Vault into a compressed, encrypted file (Process803) and transmit the compressed file to the broker and the broker'spre-defined distribution list (not including the bidders) (Processes809, 810, 804). Shortly after the Vault is transmitted to the list, thesystem sends the same list a decryption key to be used to open the imagefiles containing the bids (Processes 805, 806). The decryption key andthe compressed file are also stored in a permanent archive on theserver.

FIG. 9 is a block-diagram of a process 900 that describes the processwhereby the broker may summarize the results of the bidding anddistribute those results to the bidders and other interested transactionparticipants. Process 900 includes a graphical user interface (Process901) where the broker can enter the bid results in tabular form(Processes 902, 903) and then have the system automatically send aformatted report of those results to a list of the broker's choice(Process 905). In this way, the bidders know the outcome of the bid. Theresults are stored permanently on the server (Process 904).

FIG. 10 is a block-diagram of a process 1000 that shows theadministrative processes that can be taken to add or remove brokers,change passwords, and manage archived information. Process 1000 includesa graphical user interface (Process 1002) allowing a biddingadministrator to add brokers authorized (Process 1001) to use thebidding system, to managing archives of prior bids, to change login andpassword information, and to cancel a bid process due to technicaldifficulties (Process 1003).

FIG. 11 is a block-diagram of a process 1100 that further elaborates onthe archive management process, including the ability to write archivesto CD-ROM. Process 1100 includes a graphical user interface (Process1102) designed to allow the authorized bidding administrator (Process1101) to resend an archive to a transaction participant, to backup anarchive for offsite storage, or to burn an archive to CD-ROM or relatedmedia (Process 1103)

FIG. 12 is a block-diagram of a process 1200 that describes the serverlogging management system, which is integral to the transparency of thesystem. Process 1200 includes the tracking of Server Administratoractivities (Process 1201) in daily logs that are rotated to a permanentarchive (Process 1205). It includes the tracking of BiddingAdministrator activities, outside of the bidding process (i.e.,maintenance, Process 1202) in daily logs that are both rotated to apermanent archive and copied to the Server Administrator (Process 1206).It includes the tracking of Bid-Related Bidding Administrationactivities (Process 1203) in daily logs that are both archivedpermanently and reported immediately to the Server Administrator(Process 1207.) And, it includes the tracking of Broker activities indaily logs (Process 1204) that are rotated to a permanent archive, aswell as reported immediately to both the Server Administrator and theBidding Administrator (Process 1208).

In some embodiments, the present invention provides acomputer-implemented secure image bidding system process, especially forstructured investment products, escrow purchases and interest rate swaptransactions, whereby image-based bids are accepted via computer-basedfacsimile, electronic mail or other means. The bid images areimmediately encrypted upon receipt and stored in a secure “Vault,”preventing bid interference by the broker administering the bid process.In some embodiments, the system includes:

-   -   a) A graphical user interface allowing brokers to setup bid        processes, administer a database of bidders and perform        reporting functions.    -   b) A user interface to allow bid and server administrators to        add authorized users to the system, cancel bidding processes and        perform other system maintenance activities.    -   c) Computer-based processes to restrict the date, time and        length of the bid period.    -   d) Computer-based processes automatically to associate specific        telephone numbers and fax-modem pools with a particular bid        process.    -   e) Computer-based processes automatically to generate pairs of        encryption keys for each particular bid process using public key        infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.    -   f) Computer-based processes for the automated electronic receipt        of facsimile bid transmissions and their conversion to a        compressed-image-format file (e.g., in some embodiments, the        conventional Tagged Image File (TIF) Format).    -   g) Computer-based processes for the automated electronic receipt        of electronic mail bid transmissions.    -   h) Computer-based processes for the automated delivery of        confirmation of receipt to the sender: (a.) For electronic mail        bid submittals, receipt to the sender; and (b.) For facsimile        bid submittals, receipt to the sender based upon a database        lookup, maintained by the broker, for an electronic mail address        using the caller identification number or facsimile header        information transmitted with the facsimile.    -   i) Computer-based processes automatically to strip attachments        from electronic mail transmissions, to convert those attachments        to a Tagged Image File (TIF) Format (or other        compressed-image-format file), and securely store the original        electronic mail transmission so that it may not be viewed until        the expiration.    -   j) Computer-based processes automatically to generate and log a        digital checksum for each TIF file received to ensure file        integrity throughout the process.    -   k) Computer-based processes automatically to encrypt each image        file received using PKI and immediately to delete the        unencrypted original files.    -   l) Computer-based processes automatically to deliver encrypted        compressed-image-format files (e.g., in some embodiments, the        conventional TIF file) files to a digital “Vault,” a secure        directory in which specific information about a bid        process—encrypted bids, server logs, auction reports, digital        checksums—is retained without access by any party until the        expiration of the bid process.    -   m) Computer-based processes automatically to disable receipt of        facsimile and electronic mail transmissions at expiration of bid        period.    -   n) Computer-based processes automatically to compile contents of        the vault in a compressed folder following expiration of bid        period.    -   o) Computer-based processes automatically to send the compressed        folder to a predefined distribution list via electronic mail        following expiration of the bid period.    -   p) Computer-based processes automatically to generate a        decryption key following expiration of the bid period.    -   q) Computer-based processes automatically to send the decryption        key via electronic mail following expiration of the bid period.    -   r) Secure graphical user interface to allow the broker to enter        bid summary and results information.    -   s) Computer-based processes automatically, upon command by the        broker, to send bid summary information via electronic mail        to (i) bidders and/or (ii) a predefined distribution list.    -   t) Computer-based processes automatically to create an        electronic archive of all bid process information, including        encrypted bids, server logs, broker reporting, encryption keys        and checksum information.    -   u) Computer-based processes automatically, upon command by the        broker or administrator, to write an archive or archives to        CD-ROM or other media for permanent storage.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides acomputer-implemented secure-image-bidding process including providing abroker user interface that elicits and receives information from one ormore brokers to setup bid processes, administer a database of bidders,and perform one or more reporting functions; electronically receiving aplurality of image-based bids submitted by a plurality of bidders;encrypting the bids upon receipt or earlier; securely storing theencrypted bids in a secure electronic vault database, thus preventingbid interference by persons administering the bidding process; anddecrypting and delivering to transaction participants the contents ofthe vault database following expiration of the bidding process.

Some embodiments further include encrypting at least some of the bidsbefore they are submitted by respective bidders. Some embodimentsfurther include providing a bid-administrator user interface thatelicits and receives information from one or more bid-and-serveradministrators to add authorized users to the system, cancel biddingprocesses and perform other system maintenance activities.

Some embodiments further include automatically restricting a start timeand a stop time of a bid period. Some embodiments further includeautomatically associating one or more specific telephone numbers andfax-modem pools with a particular bid process. Some embodiments furtherinclude automatically generating one or more pairs of encryption keysfor each particular bid process using public key infrastructure (PKI)cryptography. Some embodiments further include automatically controllingelectronic receipt of facsimile bid transmissions and converting thereceived facsimile bid transmissions to a Tagged Image File (TIF) formatfile or other suitable compressed-image-format file.

Some embodiments further include automatically controlling electronicreceipt of electronic mail bid transmissions. Some embodiments furtherinclude automatically controlling delivery of a confirmation receipt toa sender, wherein, for electronic mail bid submittals, this includesdelivering a confirmation receipt to a received electronic mail addressof a sender, and wherein, for facsimile bid submittals, this includesdelivering a confirmation receipt to the sender based upon a databaselookup for an electronic mail address using at least one of (a) acaller-identification number and (b) facsimile header informationtransmitted with the facsimile.

Some embodiments further include for each of a plurality of receivedelectronic-mail transmissions: automatically stripping any attachmentsfrom the transmission, automatically converting the stripped attachmentsto Tagged Image File (TIF) format file or other suitablecompressed-image-format file, and automatically and securely storing theoriginal electronic mail transmission in a manner so that it may not beviewed until expiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include automatically generating and logging adigital checksum for each TIF file or other suitablecompressed-image-format file received to ensure file integritythroughout the bid period. Some embodiments further includeautomatically controlling encryption of each original image filereceived using PKI and immediately deleting the unencrypted originalimage files.

Some embodiments further include automatically delivering one or moreencrypted TIF files or other suitable compressed-image-format files to adigital “vault,” wherein the vault includes a secure directory in whichspecific information about a bid process including encrypted bids,server logs, auction reports, digital checksums is automaticallyretained without access by any person or entity until an expiration ofthe bid period.

Some embodiments further include automatically disabling receipt offacsimile and electronic mail transmissions at expiration of the bidperiod. Some embodiments further include automatically compilingcontents of the vault in a compressed folder following expiration of bidperiod. Some embodiments further include automatically sending thecompressed folder to a predefined distribution list via electronic mailfollowing expiration of the bid period. Some embodiments further includeautomatically generating a decryption key following expiration of thebid period. Some embodiments further include automatically sending thedecryption key via electronic mail following expiration of the bidperiod.

Some embodiments further include automatically securing a graphical userinterface that allows the broker to enter bid summary and resultsinformation.

Some embodiments further include automatically, upon command by thebroker, sending bid summary information via electronic mail to at leastone of (i) bidders and (ii) a predefined distribution list of emailaddresses and (iii) a predefined list of facsimile numbers. Someembodiments further include automatically creating an electronic archiveof all bid process information, including encrypted bids, server logs,broker reporting, encryption keys and checksum information. Someembodiments further include automatically, upon command by the broker oradministrator, writing an archive or archives to CD-ROM or other mediafor permanent storage.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides acomputer-implemented secure-image-bidding system including a) agraphical user interface operable to allow brokers to setup bidprocesses, administer a database of bidders and perform reportingfunctions; b) a user interface operable to allow bid-and-serveradministrators to add authorized users to the system, cancel biddingprocesses and perform other system maintenance activities; c) acomputer-based process operable to restrict the date, time and length ofa bid period; d) a computer-based process operable to automaticallyassociate specific telephone numbers and fax-modem pools with aparticular bid process; e) a computer-based process operable toautomatically generate pairs of encryption keys for each particular bidprocess using public key infrastructure (PKI) cryptography; f) acomputer-based process operable to automatically control electronicreceipt of facsimile bid transmissions and their conversion to a TaggedImage File (TIF) format file or other suitable compressed-image-formatfile; g) a computer-based process operable to automatically controlelectronic receipt of electronic mail bid transmissions; h) acomputer-based process operable to automatically control delivery of aconfirmation receipt to a sender; wherein, for electronic mail bidsubmittals, this provides delivery of a confirmation receipt to areceived electronic mail address of a sender, wherein, for facsimile bidsubmittals, this provides delivery of a confirmation receipt to thesender based upon a database lookup, maintained by the broker, for anelectronic mail address using a caller identification number orfacsimile header information transmitted with the facsimile; i) acomputer-based process operable to automatically strip attachments fromelectronic-mail transmissions, convert those attachments to a TaggedImage File (TIF) format file or other suitable compressed-image-formatfile, and securely store the original electronic mail transmission sothat it may not be viewed until expiration of the bid period; j) acomputer-based process operable to automatically generate and log adigital checksum for each TIF file or other suitablecompressed-image-format file received to ensure file integritythroughout the bid period; k) a computer-based process operable toautomatically control encrypt each image file received using PKI andimmediately to delete the unencrypted original files; 1) acomputer-based process operable to automatically deliver one or moreencrypted TIF files or other suitable compressed-image-format files to adigital “Vault,” a secure directory in which specific information abouta bid process—encrypted bids, server logs, auction reports, digitalchecksums—is retained without access by any party until the expirationof the bid period; m) a computer-based process operable to automaticallydisable receipt of facsimile and electronic mail transmissions atexpiration of the bid period; n) a computer-based process operable toautomatically compile contents of the Vault in a compressed folderfollowing expiration of bid period; o) a computer-based process operableto automatically send the compressed folder to a predefined distributionlist via electronic mail following expiration of the bid period; p) acomputer-based process operable to automatically generate a decryptionkey following expiration of the bid period; q) a computer-based processoperable to automatically send the decryption key via electronic mailfollowing expiration of the bid period; r) a secure graphical userinterface that allows the broker to enter bid summary and resultsinformation; s) a computer-based process operable to automatically, uponcommand by the broker, to send bid summary information via electronicmail to (i) bidders and/or (ii) a predefined distribution list; t) acomputer-based process operable to automatically create an electronicarchive of all bid process information, including encrypted bids, serverlogs, broker reporting, encryption keys and checksum information; and u)a computer-based process operable to automatically, upon command by thebroker or administrator, write an archive or archives to CD-ROM or othermedia for permanent storage.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides acomputer-implemented secure-image-bidding process including providing abroker user interface that elicits and receives information from one ormore brokers to setup a plurality of bid processes, administers adatabase of bidders, and performs one or more reporting functions;electronically receiving a plurality of image-based bids submitted by aplurality of bidders; encrypting the plurality of image-based bids uponreceipt or earlier to form a plurality of encrypted bids; securelystoring the plurality of encrypted bids in a secure electronic vaultdatabase; and decrypting and delivering to transaction participantsinformation from the vault database following expiration of the biddingprocess.

In some embodiments, the encrypting of the plurality of bids uponreceipt or earlier further includes encrypting at least some of theplurality of bids before they are submitted by respective bidders.

Some embodiments further include providing a bid-administrator userinterface that elicits and receives information from one or morebid-and-server administrators to add authorized users to the system andcancel bidding processes; automatically restricting a start time and astop time of a bid period; automatically generating one or more pairs ofencryption keys for each one of the plurality of bid processes usingpublic key infrastructure (PKI) cryptography; automatically controllingelectronic receipt of facsimile bid transmissions and converting thereceived facsimile bid transmissions to a compressed-image-format file;and automatically controlling electronic receipt of electronic mail bidtransmissions.

Some embodiments further include automatically controlling delivery of aconfirmation receipt to a sender, wherein, for electronic mail bidsubmittals, the automatically controlling of the delivery includesdelivering a confirmation receipt to a received electronic mail addressof a sender, and wherein, for facsimile bid submittals, theautomatically controlling of the delivering includes delivering aconfirmation receipt to the sender based upon a database lookup for anelectronic mail address using at least one of a group consisting of (a)a caller-identification number and (b) facsimile header informationtransmitted with the facsimile.

Some embodiments further include, for each of a plurality of receivedelectronic-mail transmissions, automatically stripping any attachmentsfrom the transmission; automatically converting the stripped attachmentsto a compressed-image-format file; automatically and securely storingthe original electronic mail transmission such that the originalelectronic mail transmission cannot be viewed until expiration of thebid period; automatically generating and logging a digital checksum foreach compressed-image format file received to ensure file integritythroughout the bid period; automatically controlling encryption of eachoriginal image file received using PKI and immediately deletingunencrypted original image files; and automatically receiving encryptedcompressed-image-format files into a digital vault, wherein the vaultincludes a secure directory in which specific information about one ofthe plurality of bid processes including encrypted bids, server logs,auction reports, and digital checksums is automatically retained in aninaccessible state until an expiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include automatically compiling contents of thevault in a compressed folder following expiration of bid period;automatically sending the compressed folder to a predefined distributionlist via electronic mail following expiration of the bid period;automatically generating a decryption key following expiration of thebid period; and automatically sending the decryption key via electronicmail following expiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include automatically disabling receipt offacsimile and electronic mail transmissions upon expiration of the bidperiod.

Some embodiments further include automatically securing a graphical userinterface that allows the broker to enter bid summary and resultsinformation; and automatically, upon command by the broker, sending bidsummary information via electronic mail to at least one of a groupconsisting of (i) bidders and (ii) a predefined distribution list ofemail addresses and (iii) a predefined list of facsimile numbers.

Some embodiments further include automatically creating an electronicarchive of information relating to the plurality of bid processes,including encrypted bids, server logs, broker reporting, encryptionkeys, and checksum information; and automatically, upon command by atleast one of (i) the broker and (ii) the administrator, writing one ormore archives to computer-readable archive media for long-term storage.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a computer-readablemedium having instructions stored thereon for causing a suitablyprogrammed computer to execute a method, the method including providinga broker user interface that elicits and receives information from oneor more brokers to setup a plurality of bid processes, administers adatabase of bidders, and performs one or more reporting functions;electronically receiving a plurality of image-based bids submitted by aplurality of bidders; encrypting the plurality of image-based bids uponreceipt or earlier to form a plurality of encrypted bids; securelystoring the plurality of encrypted bids in a secure electronic vaultdatabase; and decrypting and delivering to transaction participantsinformation from the vault database following expiration of the biddingprocess.

Some embodiments further include instructions such that the encryptingof the plurality of bids upon receipt or earlier further includesencrypting at least some of the plurality of bids before they aresubmitted by respective bidders.

Some embodiments further include instructions such that the methodfurther includes providing a bid-administrator user interface thatelicits and receives information from one or more bid-and-serveradministrators to add authorized users to the system and cancel biddingprocesses; automatically restricting a start time and a stop time of abid period; automatically generating one or more pairs of encryptionkeys for each one of the plurality of bid processes using public keyinfrastructure (PKI) cryptography; automatically controlling electronicreceipt of facsimile bid transmissions and converting the receivedfacsimile bid transmissions to a compressed-image-format file; andautomatically controlling electronic receipt of electronic mail bidtransmissions.

Some embodiments further include instructions such that the methodfurther includes automatically controlling delivery of a confirmationreceipt to a sender, wherein, for electronic mail bid submittals, theautomatically controlling of the delivery includes delivering aconfirmation receipt to a received electronic mail address of a sender,and wherein, for facsimile bid submittals, the automatically controllingof the delivering includes delivering a confirmation receipt to thesender based upon a database lookup for an electronic mail address usingat least one of a group consisting of (a) a caller-identification numberand (b) facsimile header information transmitted with the facsimile.

Some embodiments further include instructions such that the methodfurther includes, for each of a plurality of received electronic-mailtransmissions, automatically stripping any attachments from thetransmission; automatically converting the stripped attachments to acompressed-image-format file; automatically and securely storing theoriginal electronic mail transmission such that the original electronicmail transmission cannot be viewed until expiration of the bid period;automatically generating and logging a digital checksum for eachcompressed-image format file received to ensure file integritythroughout the bid period; automatically controlling encryption of eachoriginal image file received using PKI and immediately deletingunencrypted original image files; and automatically receiving encryptedcompressed-image-format files into a digital vault, wherein the vaultincludes a secure directory in which specific information about one ofthe plurality of bid processes including encrypted bids, server logs,auction reports, and digital checksums is automatically retained in aninaccessible state until an expiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include instructions such that the methodfurther includes automatically compiling contents of the vault in acompressed folder following expiration of bid period; automaticallysending the compressed folder to a predefined distribution list viaelectronic mail following expiration of the bid period; automaticallygenerating a decryption key following expiration of the bid period; andautomatically sending the decryption key via electronic mail followingexpiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include instructions such that the methodfurther comprises automatically disabling receipt of facsimile andelectronic mail transmissions upon expiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include instructions such that the methodfurther includes automatically securing a graphical user interface thatallows the broker to enter bid summary and results information; andautomatically, upon command by the broker, sending bid summaryinformation via electronic mail to at least one of a group consisting of(i) bidders and (ii) a predefined distribution list of email addressesand (iii) a predefined list of facsimile numbers.

Some embodiments further include instructions such that the methodfurther includes automatically creating an electronic archive ofinformation relating to the plurality of bid processes, includingencrypted bids, server logs, broker reporting, encryption keys, andchecksum information; and automatically, upon command by at least one of(i) the broker and (ii) the administrator, writing one or more archivesto computer-readable archive media for long-term storage.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides acomputer-implemented secure-image-bidding system including a broker-userinterface that elicits and receives information from one or more brokersto setup a plurality of bid processes, administers a database ofbidders, and performs one or more reporting functions; a receiverconfigured to electronically receive a plurality of image-based bidssubmitted by a plurality of bidders; an encrypter configured to encryptthe plurality of bids upon receipt or earlier to form a plurality ofencrypted bids; storage configured to securely store the plurality ofencrypted bids in a secure electronic vault database; and a decrypterconfigured to decrypt and deliver to transaction participantsinformation from the vault database following expiration of the biddingprocess.

In some embodiments, the encrypter encrypts at least some of theplurality of bids before they are submitted by respective bidders.

Some embodiments further include a bid-administrator user interface thatelicits and receives information from one or more bid-and-serveradministrators to add authorized users to the system and cancel biddingprocesses; a timer configured to automatically restrict a start time anda stop time of a bid period; an encryption-key generator configured toautomatically generate one or more pairs of encryption keys for each oneof the plurality of bid processes using public key infrastructure (PKI)cryptography; a facsimile receiver and image converter configured toautomatically control electronic receipt of facsimile bid transmissionsand convert the received facsimile bid transmissions to acompressed-image-format file; and an electronic-mail receiver configuredto automatically control electronic receipt of electronic mail bidtransmissions.

Some embodiments further include a confirmation unit configured toautomatically control delivery of a confirmation receipt to a sender,wherein, for electronic mail bid submittals, the confirmation unitautomatically delivers a confirmation receipt to a received electronicmail address of a sender, and wherein, for facsimile bid submittals, theconfirmation unit automatically delivers a confirmation receipt to thesender based upon a database lookup for an electronic mail address usingat least one of a group consisting of (a) a caller-identification numberand (b) facsimile header information transmitted with the facsimile.

Some embodiments further include, for each of a plurality of receivedelectronic-mail transmissions, a stripper unit configured toautomatically strip any attachments from the transmission; animage-conversion unit configured to automatically convert the strippedattachments to a compressed-image-format file; a storage unit configuredto automatically and securely store the original electronic mailtransmission such that the original electronic mail transmission cannotbe viewed until expiration of the bid period; a log unit configured toautomatically generate and log a digital checksum for eachcompressed-image format file received to ensure file integritythroughout the bid period; an encryption unit configured toautomatically control encryption of each original image file receivedusing PKI and immediately delete unencrypted original image files; and adigital vault configured to automatically receive encryptedcompressed-image-format files, wherein the vault includes a securedirectory in which specific information about one of the plurality ofbid processes including encrypted bids, server logs, auction reports,and digital checksums is automatically retained in an inaccessible stateuntil an expiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include a compiler configured to automaticallycompile contents of the vault in a compressed folder followingexpiration of bid period; a transmitting unit configured toautomatically send the compressed folder to a predefined distributionlist via electronic mail following expiration of the bid period; and adecryption unit configured to automatically generate a decryption keyfollowing expiration of the bid period, wherein the transmitting unit isalso configured to automatically send the decryption key via electronicmail following expiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include a disable timer configured toautomatically disable receipt of facsimile and electronic mailtransmissions upon expiration of the bid period.

Some embodiments further include a secure graphical user interface thatallows the broker to enter bid summary and results information; and atransmitter configured to automatically, upon command by the broker,send bid summary information via electronic mail to at least one of agroup consisting of (i) bidders and (ii) a predefined distribution listof email addresses and (iii) a predefined list of facsimile numbers.

Some embodiments further include an archive unit configured toautomatically create an electronic archive of information relating tothe plurality of bid processes, including encrypted bids, server logs,broker reporting, encryption keys, and checksum information; and anarchive-storage unit configured to automatically, upon command by atleast one of a group consisting of (i) the broker and (ii) theadministrator, write one or more archives to computer-readable archivemedia for long-term storage.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a system includinga) a graphical user interface operable to allow brokers to setup aplurality of bid processes, administer a database of bidders and performreporting functions; b) a user interface operable to allowbid-and-server administrators to add authorized users to the system andto cancel bidding processes; c) a computer-based unit operable torestrict the date, time and length of a bid period; d) a computer-basedunit operable to automatically associate specific telephone numbers andfax-modem pools with one of the plurality of bid processes; e) acomputer-based unit operable to automatically generate pairs ofencryption keys for each one of the plurality of bid processes usingpublic key infrastructure (PKI) cryptography; f) a computer-based unitoperable to automatically control electronic receipt of facsimile bidtransmissions and their conversion to a compressed-image-format file; g)a computer-based unit operable to automatically control electronicreceipt of electronic mail bid transmissions; h) a computer-based unitoperable to automatically control delivery of a confirmation receipt toa sender; wherein, for electronic mail bid submittals, this providesdelivery of a confirmation receipt to a received electronic mail addressof a sender, and wherein, for facsimile bid submittals, this providesdelivery of a confirmation receipt to the sender based upon a databaselookup, maintained by the broker, for an electronic mail address using acaller identification number or facsimile header information transmittedwith the facsimile; i) a computer-based unit operable to automaticallystrip attachments from electronic-mail transmissions, convert thoseattachments to a compressed-image-format file, and securely store theoriginal electronic mail transmission so that it may not be viewed untilexpiration of the bid period; j) a computer-based unit operable toautomatically generate and log a digital checksum for eachcompressed-image-format file received to ensure file integritythroughout the bid period; k) a computer-based unit operable toautomatically control encrypt each image file received using PKI andimmediately to delete the unencrypted original files; l) acomputer-based unit operable to automatically deliver encryptedcompressed-image format files to a digital Vault, a secure directory inwhich specific information about one of the plurality of bid processes,including encrypted bids, server logs, auction reports, and digitalchecksums, is retained without access by any party until the expirationof the bid period; m) a computer-based unit operable to automaticallydisable receipt of facsimile and electronic mail transmissions atexpiration of the bid period; n) a computer-based unit operable toautomatically compile contents of the Vault in a compressed folderfollowing expiration of bid period; o) a computer-based unit operable toautomatically send the compressed folder to a predefined distributionlist via electronic mail following expiration of the bid period; p) acomputer-based unit operable to automatically generate a decryption keyfollowing expiration of the bid period; q) a computer-based unitoperable to automatically send the decryption key via electronic mailfollowing expiration of the bid period; r) a secure graphical userinterface that allows the broker to enter bid summary and resultsinformation; s) a computer-based unit operable to automatically, uponcommand by the broker, to send bid summary information via electronicmail to (i) bidders and/or (ii) a predefined distribution list; t) acomputer-based unit operable to automatically create an electronicarchive of information relating to one of the plurality of bidprocesses, the archived information including encrypted bids, serverlogs, broker reporting, encryption keys and checksum information; and u)a computer-based unit operable to automatically, upon command by thebroker or administrator, write an archive to archive media for long-termstorage.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to beillustrative, and not restrictive. Although numerous characteristics andadvantages of various embodiments as described herein have been setforth in the foregoing description, together with details of thestructure and function of various embodiments, many other embodimentsand changes to details will be apparent to those of skill in the artupon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention should,therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, alongwith the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Inthe appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used asthe plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and“wherein,” respectively. Moreover, the terms “first,” “second,” and“third,” etc., are used merely as labels, and are not intended to imposenumerical requirements on their objects.

1. A computer-implemented secure-image-bidding process comprising:providing a broker user interface on a computer system that elicits andreceives information from one or more brokers to setup a plurality ofbid processes including a first bid process, administers a database ofbidders on the computer system, and performs one or more reportingfunctions; defining, in the computer system, an expiration time for abid period of the first bid process; electronically receiving into thecomputer system a plurality of image-based bids submitted by a pluralityof bidders for the first bid process only at times before the expirationtime for the first bid process; encrypting, in the computer system, theplurality of image-based bids for the first bid process upon receipt orearlier to form a plurality of encrypted bids; generating and logging,in the computer system, digital-file-integrity information for each ofthe plurality of image-based bids received for the first bid process;securely storing on the computer system the plurality of encrypted bidsin a secure electronic vault, wherein the vault includes a directory inwhich specific information, including encrypted bids anddigital-file-integrity information, about each one of the plurality ofbid processes is automatically retained, and wherein the specificinformation for the first bid process is retained in an inaccessiblestate until the expiration time of the first bid process; decryptingusing the computer system and delivering to one or more transactionparticipants image-based bid information for the first bid process fromthe vault only following the expiration time of the first bid process;receiving into the computer system a bid summary report based on thedecrypted image-based bid information and a decision from the one ormore brokers to award the first bid; delivering the bid summary reportto the plurality of bidders for the first bid process; and using thecomputer system, automatically creating an electronic archive ofinformation relating to the plurality of bid processes, including theencrypted bids, the bid summary report, and the digital-file-integrityinformation for the first bid process.
 2. The process of claim 1,wherein the encrypting of the plurality of image-based bids upon receiptor earlier further includes encrypting at least some of the plurality ofimage-based bids after they are generated by a bidder and before theyare sent to the computer system.
 3. A non-transitory computer-readablemedium having instructions stored thereon for causing a suitablyprogrammed computer to execute a method, the method comprising:providing a broker user interface on a computer system that elicits andreceives information from one or more brokers to setup a plurality ofbid processes including a first bid process, administers a database ofbidders on the computer system, and performs one or more reportingfunctions; defining, in the computer system, an expiration time for abid period of the first bid process; electronically receiving into thecomputer system a plurality of image-based bids submitted by a pluralityof bidders for the first bid process only at times before the expirationtime for the first bid process; encrypting, in the computer system, theplurality of image-based bids for the first bid process upon receipt orearlier to form a plurality of encrypted bids; generating and logging,in the computer system, digital-file-integrity information for each ofthe plurality of image-based bids received for the first bid process;securely storing on the computer system the plurality of encrypted bidsin a secure electronic vault, wherein the vault includes a directory inwhich specific information, including encrypted bids anddigital-file-integrity information, about each one of the plurality ofbid processes is automatically retained, and wherein the specificinformation for the first bid process is retained in an inaccessiblestate until the expiration time of the first bid process; decryptingusing the computer system and delivering to one or more transactionparticipants image-based bid information for the first bid process fromthe vault only following the expiration time of the first bid process;receiving into the computer system a bid summary report based on thedecrypted image-based bid information and a decision from the one ormore brokers to award the first bid; delivering the bid summary reportto the plurality of bidders for the first bid process; and using thecomputer system, automatically creating an electronic archive ofinformation relating to the plurality of bid processes, including theencrypted bids, the bid summary report, and the digital-file-integrityinformation for the first bid process.
 4. The computer-readable mediumof claim 3, further comprising instructions such that the encrypting ofthe plurality of image-based bids upon receipt or earlier furtherincludes encrypting at least some of the plurality of image-based bidsafter they are generated by a bidder and before they are sent to thecomputer system.
 5. A computer-implemented secure-image-bidding systemcomprising: a computer system that includes: a broker-user interfacethat elicits and receives information into the computer system from oneor more brokers to setup a plurality of bid processes including a firstbidding process, administers a database of bidders, and performs one ormore reporting functions, wherein the first bidding process has adefined expiration time; a receiver configured to electronically receiveinto the computer system a plurality of image-based bids submitted by aplurality of bidders for the first bidding process only at times beforethe expiration time of the first bidding process; an encrypter in thecomputer system configured to encrypt the plurality of bids for thefirst bid process upon receipt or earlier to form a plurality ofencrypted bids; an automatic digital file-integrity generator and loggerthat generates and logs digital-file-integrity information, in thecomputer system, for each of the plurality of image-based bids receivedfor the first bid process; storage configured to securely store theplurality of encrypted bids in a secure electronic vault, wherein thevault includes a directory in which specific information, includingencrypted bids and digital-file-integrity information, about each one ofthe plurality of bid processes is automatically retained, and whereinthe specific information for the first bid process is retained in aninaccessible state until the expiration time of the first bid process; adecrypter configured to decrypt and deliver to one or more transactionparticipants image-based bid information for the first bidding processfrom the vault only following the expiration time of the first bidprocess; a receiver configured to electronically receive into thecomputer system a bid summary report based on the decrypted image-basedbid information and a decision from the one or more brokers to award thefirst bid; a transmitter configured to deliver the bid summary report tothe plurality of bidders for the first bid process; and an archive unitconfigured to automatically create an electronic archive of informationrelating to the plurality of bid processes, including the encryptedbids, the bid summary report, and the digital-file-integrity informationfor the first bid process.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein theencrypter encrypts at least some of the plurality of image-based bidsbefore they are submitted by respective bidders.
 7. The process of claim1, wherein the electronically receiving includes receiving at least oneelectronic-facsimile bid transmission.
 8. The process of claim 1,wherein the electronically receiving includes receiving at least oneelectronic-mail bid transmission.
 9. The process of claim 1, furthercomprising automatically controlling electronic receipt of a firstfacsimile bid transmission and converting the received first facsimilebid transmission to a compressed-image-format file.
 10. The process ofclaim 1, further comprising automatically confirming receipt of at leastone of the plurality of image-based bids.
 11. The process of claim 1,wherein the digital-file-integrity information includes a digitalchecksum.
 12. The process of claim 1, wherein at least one of theplurality of image-based bids has a Tagged Image File (TIF) format. 13.The computer-readable medium of claim 3, further comprising instructionssuch that the electronically receiving includes receiving at least oneelectronic-facsimile bid transmission.
 14. The computer-readable mediumof claim 3, further comprising instructions such that the electronicallyreceiving includes receiving at least one electronic-mail bidtransmission.
 15. The computer-readable medium of claim 3, furthercomprising instructions such that the method further comprisesautomatically controlling electronic receipt of a first facsimile bidtransmission and converting the received first facsimile bidtransmission to a compressed-image-format file.
 16. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 3, further comprising instructionssuch that the method further comprises automatically confirming receiptof at least one of the plurality of image-based bids.
 17. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 3, further comprising instructionssuch that the digital-file-integrity information includes a digitalchecksum.
 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 3, wherein at leastone of the plurality of image-based bids has a Tagged Image File (TIF)format.
 19. The system of claim 5, wherein the receiver is furtherconfigured to receive at least one electronic-facsimile bidtransmission.
 20. The system of claim 5, wherein the receiver is furtherconfigured to receive at least one electronic-mail bid transmission. 21.The system of claim 5, further comprising a facsimile receiver and imageconverter configured to automatically control electronic receipt of afirst facsimile bid transmission and convert the received firstfacsimile bid transmission to a compressed-image-format file.
 22. Thesystem of claim 5, further comprising a confirmation unit configured toautomatically confirm receipt of at least one of the plurality ofimage-based bids.
 23. The system of claim 5, wherein thedigital-file-integrity information includes a digital checksum.
 24. Thesystem of claim 5, wherein at least one of the plurality of image-basedbids has a Tagged Image File (TIF) format.